![]() ![]() ![]() Basilar skull fractures are fractures to the base of the skull, and can include the temporal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, or ethmoid bone.Depressed skull fractures may be palpable on exam, with a depression or step-off felt when the skull is palpated.Linear skull fractures may have an overlying hematoma, but bony abnormalities are rarely palpated.There are three categories of skull fractures: Skull fractures are more common in infants than in older children, with the parietal bone being the bone most commonly fractured, and the frontal bone being the least commonly fractured. Important injuries to consider in children with head trauma include skull fractures, intracranial hemorrhages, and concussion. Some children will have only scalp hematomas, while others will suffer severe intracranial injuries and present with coma or seizures. There is a wide spectrum of presentation for children with head injuries. Scoring for children and adults is the same, but infants and preverbal children must be assessed differently. A complete primary and secondary survey should be completed to ensure the patient is stable and to assess for any other injuries.Īssigning the child a Glasgow Coma Scale score should be performed as part of the initial evaluation. If there is any concern of possible cervical spine injury or if the patient has altered mental status limiting exam, the spine should be immobilized immediately and a cervical collar placed. Others may present unconscious from the scene of the injury. Some patients will present many hours after the initial trauma and be ambulatory on arrival. Initial actions will depend on the presentation of the child. While most injuries are mild, brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability in pediatric trauma patients. It is the most common type of injury requiring medical evaluation in children. Head injury includes any injury to the scalp, skull, or brain. Initiate treatment for children with head injuries in the emergency department.Determine which children are low risk for clinically significant traumatic brain injury and can be discharged without imaging.List the signs and symptoms of concussion.Describe the different types of intracranial hemorrhage.Describe the different types of skull fracture.Upon finishing this module, the student will be able to: SAEMF/CDEM Innovations in Undergraduate Emergency Medicine Education GrantĬareer Development and Mentorship CommitteeĬDEM Medical Education Fellow Travel Scholarship Presidential Address: Where Do We Go From Here?ĮMF/SAEMF Medical Student Research Training Grant Virtual Rotation and Educational ResourcesĬommittee Update: NBME EM Advanced Clinical Examination Task Force Visit us on Twitter LinkedIn Facebook YouTubeĮffective Consultation in Emergency Medicine Video ![]()
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